Very good overview of
                            the possible implementations for
                            compatibility.
                          
                          
                          Questions which come
                            to my mind:
                          - Is there a need to
                            deploy applications to one application
                            server instance using both APIs?
                         
                       
                     
                   
                
                
                
                I think so.  I can imagine many users will
                  want to limit the number of things they change in
                  their release plans, so they may want to transition
                  the exact same application from an EE8 to an EE9
                  deployment, perhaps node by node.   Thus being able to
                  deploy the exact same application to both environments
                  can be beneficial.
                 
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          - Do we need an
                            application server which is Java EE and
                            Jakarta EE compatible at runtime?
                         
                       
                     
                   
                
                
                
                If you want bug for bug compatibility with
                  EE8 into the future, then some runtime solution is
                  necessary - to have an EE8 runtime actually running. 
                     The only other driver for runtime compatibility
                  modes I see is to free EE9+ from having to keep EE8
                  behaviours and APIs. A wrapper approach can assist
                  with this where as a translation approach cannot.
                
                
                 
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                          - Is there a need to
                            have an application server being Java EE and
                            Jakarta EE backwards compatible for a long
                            long time? Should this be specified or
                            should vendors decide on their own?
                         
                       
                     
                   
                
                
                
                Define long :)  
                
                
                I think LTS is probably vender by vender -
                  We still have some commercial support for our Servlet
                  2.4 server!   However, given the uncertainty that this
                  change is probably going to cause, I think some vendor
                  pledges for some reasonable duration of support for
                  EE8 deployment may be helpful.
                
                
                
                
                cheers