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Re: [sumo-user] node-node route

I installed version 1.6.0. Then I copied randomTrips.py to my working directory but it still creates edge-to-edge trips.
I attached the script I'm using to create random trips.

On Fri, May 8, 2020 at 2:02 AM Jakob Erdmann <namdre.sumo@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
No. You can still get disconnected trips this way. If you need validated trips, then add option --validate
However, I noticed that the combination of --junction-taz and --validate were not working as expected. It's fixed now but you will have to update sumo to todays version to make use of this.

You can also replicate the validation by calling
randomTrips.py -n RoutingSim1.net.xml  -r tmp.rou.xml
duarouter -n RoutingSim1.net.xml -r tmp.rou.xm --ignore-route-errors --write-trips.junctions -o validated_junction_trips.xml

Am Do., 7. Mai 2020 um 21:04 Uhr schrieb Raheleh Zarei <raheleh.zarei@xxxxxxxxx>:
Does it validate the route automatically?

On Thu, May 7, 2020 at 1:54 PM Jakob Erdmann <namdre.sumo@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
your route output is overwriting your trip output.
try
    python randomTrips.py -n RoutingSim1.net.xml -o test.trips.xml --juntion-taz
then check whether the trips have the correct format
The --route-file output will never contain fromJunction or toJunction because it contains vehicles rather than trips.

Am Do., 7. Mai 2020 um 18:40 Uhr schrieb Raheleh Zarei <raheleh.zarei@xxxxxxxxx>:
Hello Harald,

I created a linux bash script, that creates random trips using command below and run it from linux terminal on windows :
 python randomTrips.py -n ./RoutingSim1.net.xml -o ./Trips$j/RoutingSim$i.rou.xml -e $j --junction-taz true   --route-file ./Trips$j/RoutingSimRoute$i.rou.xml --validate true

randomTrips.py that I call in this command, is the new installation of SUMO (1.6) that I copied to my working directory folder in windows.
I don't get any error, but the output still is not correct. It creates trips, from edge to edge instead of from junction to junction.

Thanks,
Raheleh


On Thu, May 7, 2020 at 3:41 AM Harald Schaefer <fechsaer@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:

Hi Raheleh,

have you tried  --junction-taz without the value true?

Does your SUMO version support --junction-taz (see output of "python randomTrips.py --help")?

Greetings,

Harald

Am 06.05.20 um 19:35 schrieb Raheleh Zarei:
I'm calling command below in Linux:

python randomTrips.py -n ./net1.net.xml -o ./routing1.rou.xml -e 10 --junction-taz true --route-file ./Tripstest 

But I get the following error:

Error: On processing option '--junction-taz':
 No option with the name 'junction-taz' exists.

On Wed, May 6, 2020 at 1:12 PM Jakob Erdmann <namdre.sumo@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
You can use randomTrips option --junction-taz
The metrics are still the same (all outgoing edges at the fromJunction are considered for departure and all incoming edges of the toJunction for arrival).

Am Mi., 6. Mai 2020 um 18:42 Uhr schrieb Raheleh Zarei <raheleh.zarei@xxxxxxxxx>:
Hello,

Thank you. I was wondering how I can use these options with randomtrips.py scripts? Because this is the way I generate random trips.
Also, if I use fromJuncation and toJunction, do the routing algorithms use different metrics for finding the shortest path?

On Sun, May 3, 2020 at 5:34 PM Jakob Erdmann <namdre.sumo@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Yes. Set option --junction-taz and then define trips with attributes 'fromJunction' and 'toJunction'.

Am Fr., 1. Mai 2020 um 01:00 Uhr schrieb Raheleh Zarei <raheleh.zarei@xxxxxxxxx>:

Hello

I noticed in SUMO, trips, route, flows and etc, are from edge to edge, and based on the routing algorithm option, they return the shortest path between those edges. Is there a way to make trips and other assignments model to work from node to node and return the shortest path from a node to another node in the network?

Thanks,
Raheleh

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# Eclipse SUMO, Simulation of Urban MObility; see https://eclipse.org/sumo
# Copyright (C) 2010-2020 German Aerospace Center (DLR) and others.
# This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
# terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0 which is available at
# https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0/
# This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
# Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
# Public License 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
# or later which is available at
# https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-standalone.html
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later

# @file    randomTrips.py
# @author  Daniel Krajzewicz
# @author  Jakob Erdmann
# @author  Michael Behrisch
# @date    2010-03-06


from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import sys
import random
import bisect
import subprocess
from collections import defaultdict
import math
import optparse

if 'SUMO_HOME' in os.environ:
    sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.environ['SUMO_HOME'], 'tools'))
import sumolib  # noqa
from sumolib.miscutils import euclidean  # noqa
from sumolib.geomhelper import naviDegree, minAngleDegreeDiff  # noqa

DUAROUTER = sumolib.checkBinary('duarouter')

SOURCE_SUFFIX = ".src.xml"
SINK_SUFFIX = ".dst.xml"
VIA_SUFFIX = ".via.xml"


def get_options(args=None):
    optParser = optparse.OptionParser()
    optParser.add_option("-n", "--net-file", dest="netfile",
                         help="define the net file (mandatory)")
    optParser.add_option("-a", "--additional-files", dest="additional",
                         help="define additional files to be loaded by the router")
    optParser.add_option("-o", "--output-trip-file", dest="tripfile",
                         default="trips.trips.xml", help="define the output trip filename")
    optParser.add_option("-r", "--route-file", dest="routefile",
                         help="generates route file with duarouter")
    optParser.add_option("--vtype-output", dest="vtypeout",
                         help="Store generated vehicle types in a separate file")
    optParser.add_option("--weights-prefix", dest="weightsprefix",
                         help="loads probabilities for being source, destination and via-edge from the files named " +
                         "<prefix>.src.xml, <prefix>.sink.xml and <prefix>.via.xml")
    optParser.add_option("--weights-output-prefix", dest="weights_outprefix",
                         help="generates weights files for visualisation")
    optParser.add_option("--pedestrians", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="create a person file with pedestrian trips instead of vehicle trips")
    optParser.add_option("--persontrips", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="create a person file with person trips instead of vehicle trips")
    optParser.add_option("--personrides", help="create a person file with rides using STR as lines attribute")
    optParser.add_option("--persontrip.transfer.car-walk", dest="carWalkMode",
                         help="Where are mode changes from car to walking allowed " +
                         "(possible values: 'ptStops', 'allJunctions' and combinations)")
    optParser.add_option("--persontrip.walkfactor", dest="walkfactor",
                         help="Use FLOAT as a factor on pedestrian maximum speed during intermodal routing")
    optParser.add_option("--prefix", dest="tripprefix",
                         default="", help="prefix for the trip ids")
    optParser.add_option("-t", "--trip-attributes", dest="tripattrs",
                         default="", help="additional trip attributes. When generating pedestrians, attributes for " +
                         "<person> and <walk> are supported.")
    optParser.add_option("--fringe-start-attributes", dest="fringeattrs",
                         default="", help="additional trip attributes when starting on a fringe.")
    optParser.add_option("-b", "--begin", type="float", default=0, help="begin time")
    optParser.add_option("-e", "--end", type="float", default=3600, help="end time (default 3600)")
    optParser.add_option(
        "-p", "--period", type="float", default=1, help="Generate vehicles with equidistant departure times and " +
        "period=FLOAT (default 1.0). If option --binomial is used, the expected arrival rate is set to 1/period.")
    optParser.add_option("-s", "--seed", type="int", help="random seed")
    optParser.add_option("-l", "--length", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="weight edge probability by length")
    optParser.add_option("-L", "--lanes", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="weight edge probability by number of lanes")
    optParser.add_option("--edge-param", dest="edgeParam",
                         help="use the given edge parameter as factor for edge")
    optParser.add_option("--speed-exponent", type="float", dest="speed_exponent",
                         default=0.0, help="weight edge probability by speed^<FLOAT> (default 0)")
    optParser.add_option("--angle", type="float", dest="angle",
                         default=90.0, help="weight edge probability by angle [0-360] relative to the network center")
    optParser.add_option("--angle-factor", type="float", dest="angle_weight",
                         default=1.0, help="maximum weight factor for angle")
    optParser.add_option("--fringe-factor", type="float", dest="fringe_factor",
                         default=1.0, help="multiply weight of fringe edges by <FLOAT> (default 1")
    optParser.add_option("--fringe-threshold", type="float", dest="fringe_threshold",
                         default=0.0, help="only consider edges with speed above <FLOAT> as fringe edges (default 0)")
    optParser.add_option("--allow-fringe", dest="allow_fringe", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="Allow departing on edges that leave the network and arriving on edges " +
                         "that enter the network (via turnarounds or as 1-edge trips")
    optParser.add_option("--allow-fringe.min-length", type="float", dest="allow_fringe_min_length",
                         help="Allow departing on edges that leave the network and arriving on edges " +
                         "that enter the network, if they have at least the given length")
    optParser.add_option("--min-distance", type="float", dest="min_distance",
                         default=0.0, help="require start and end edges for each trip to be at least <FLOAT> m apart")
    optParser.add_option("--max-distance", type="float", dest="max_distance",
                         default=None, help="require start and end edges for each trip to be at most <FLOAT> m " +
                         "apart (default 0 which disables any checks)")
    optParser.add_option("-i", "--intermediate", type="int",
                         default=0, help="generates the given number of intermediate way points")
    optParser.add_option("--flows", type="int",
                         default=0, help="generates INT flows that together output vehicles with the specified period")
    optParser.add_option("--jtrrouter", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="Create flows without destination as input for jtrrouter")
    optParser.add_option("--maxtries", type="int",
                         default=100, help="number of attemps for finding a trip which meets the distance constraints")
    optParser.add_option("--binomial", type="int", metavar="N",
                         help="If this is set, the number of departures per seconds will be drawn from a binomial " +
                         "distribution with n=N and p=PERIOD/N where PERIOD is the argument given to " +
                         "option --period. Tnumber of attemps for finding a trip which meets the distance constraints")
    optParser.add_option(
        "-c", "--vclass", "--edge-permission", default="passenger",
        help="only from and to edges which permit the given vehicle class")
    optParser.add_option(
        "--vehicle-class", help="The vehicle class assigned to the generated trips (adds a standard vType definition " +
        "to the output file).")
    optParser.add_option("--remove-loops", dest="remove_loops", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="Remove loops at route start and end")
    optParser.add_option("--junction-taz", dest="junctionTaz", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="Write trips with fromJunction and toJunction")
    optParser.add_option("--validate", default=False, action="store_true",
                         help="Whether to produce trip output that is already checked for connectivity")
    optParser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true",
                         default=False, help="tell me what you are doing")
    (options, args) = optParser.parse_args(args=args)
    if not options.netfile:
        optParser.print_help()
        sys.exit(1)

    if options.persontrips or options.personrides:
        options.pedestrians = True

    if options.pedestrians:
        options.vclass = 'pedestrian'
        if options.flows > 0:
            print("Error: Person flows are not supported yet", file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(1)

    if options.validate and options.routefile is None:
        options.routefile = "routes.rou.xml"

    if options.period <= 0:
        print("Error: Period must be positive", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(1)

    if options.jtrrouter and options.flows <= 0:
        print("Error: Option --jtrrouter must be used with option --flows", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(1)

    if options.vehicle_class:
        if options.tripprefix:
            options.vtypeID = "%s_%s" % (options.tripprefix, options.vehicle_class)
        else:
            options.vtypeID = options.vehicle_class

        if 'type=' in options.tripattrs:
            print("Error: trip-attribute 'type' cannot be used together with option --vehicle-class", file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(1)

    return options


class InvalidGenerator(Exception):
    pass

# assigns a weight to each edge using weight_fun and then draws from a discrete
# distribution with these weights


class RandomEdgeGenerator:

    def __init__(self, net, weight_fun):
        self.net = net
        self.weight_fun = weight_fun
        self.cumulative_weights = []
        self.total_weight = 0
        for edge in self.net._edges:
            # print edge.getID(), weight_fun(edge)
            self.total_weight += weight_fun(edge)
            self.cumulative_weights.append(self.total_weight)
        if self.total_weight == 0:
            raise InvalidGenerator()

    def get(self):
        r = random.random() * self.total_weight
        index = bisect.bisect(self.cumulative_weights, r)
        return self.net._edges[index]

    def write_weights(self, fname):
        # normalize to [0,100]
        normalizer = 100.0 / max(1, max(map(self.weight_fun, self.net._edges)))
        weights = [(self.weight_fun(e) * normalizer, e.getID()) for e in self.net.getEdges()]
        weights.sort(reverse=True)
        with open(fname, 'w+') as f:
            f.write('<edgedata>\n')
            f.write('    <interval begin="0" end="10">\n')
            for weight, edgeID in weights:
                f.write('        <edge id="%s" value="%0.2f"/>\n' %
                        (edgeID, weight))
            f.write('    </interval>\n')
            f.write('</edgedata>\n')


class RandomTripGenerator:

    def __init__(self, source_generator, sink_generator, via_generator, intermediate, pedestrians):
        self.source_generator = source_generator
        self.sink_generator = sink_generator
        self.via_generator = via_generator
        self.intermediate = intermediate
        self.pedestrians = pedestrians

    def get_trip(self, min_distance, max_distance, maxtries=100):
        for _ in range(maxtries):
            source_edge = self.source_generator.get()
            intermediate = [self.via_generator.get()
                            for i in range(self.intermediate)]
            sink_edge = self.sink_generator.get()
            if self.pedestrians:
                destCoord = sink_edge.getFromNode().getCoord()
            else:
                destCoord = sink_edge.getToNode().getCoord()

            coords = ([source_edge.getFromNode().getCoord()] +
                      [e.getFromNode().getCoord() for e in intermediate] +
                      [destCoord])
            distance = sum([euclidean(p, q)
                            for p, q in zip(coords[:-1], coords[1:])])
            if distance >= min_distance and (max_distance is None or distance < max_distance):
                return source_edge, sink_edge, intermediate
        raise Exception("no trip found after %s tries" % maxtries)


def get_prob_fun(options, fringe_bonus, fringe_forbidden, max_length):
    # fringe_bonus None generates intermediate way points
    def edge_probability(edge):
        if options.vclass and not edge.allows(options.vclass):
            return 0  # not allowed
        if fringe_bonus is None and edge.is_fringe() and not options.pedestrians:
            return 0  # not suitable as intermediate way point
        if (fringe_forbidden is not None and edge.is_fringe(getattr(edge, fringe_forbidden)) and
                not options.pedestrians and
                (options.allow_fringe_min_length is None or edge.getLength() < options.allow_fringe_min_length)):
            return 0  # the wrong kind of fringe
        prob = 1
        if options.length:
            if options.fringe_factor != 1.0 and fringe_bonus is not None and edge.is_fringe():
                # short fringe edges should not suffer a penalty
                prob *= max_length
            else:
                prob *= edge.getLength()
        if options.lanes:
            prob *= edge.getLaneNumber()
        prob *= (edge.getSpeed() ** options.speed_exponent)
        if (options.fringe_factor != 1.0 and
                not options.pedestrians and
                fringe_bonus is not None and
                edge.getSpeed() > options.fringe_threshold and
                edge.is_fringe(getattr(edge, fringe_bonus))):
            prob *= options.fringe_factor
        if options.edgeParam is not None:
            prob *= float(edge.getParam(options.edgeParam, 1.0))
        if options.angle_weight != 1.0 and fringe_bonus is not None:
            xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax = edge.getBoundingBox()
            ex, ey = ((xmin + xmax) / 2, (ymin + ymax) / 2)
            nx, ny = options.angle_center
            edgeAngle = naviDegree(math.atan2(ey - ny, ex - nx))
            angleDiff = minAngleDegreeDiff(options.angle, edgeAngle)
            # print("e=%s nc=%s ec=%s ea=%s a=%s ad=%s" % (
            #    edge.getID(), options.angle_center, (ex,ey), edgeAngle,
            #    options.angle, angleDiff))
            # relDist = 2 * euclidean((ex, ey), options.angle_center) / max(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
            # prob *= (relDist * (options.angle_weight - 1) + 1)
            if fringe_bonus == "_incoming":
                # source edge
                prob *= (angleDiff * (options.angle_weight - 1) + 1)
            else:
                prob *= ((180 - angleDiff) * (options.angle_weight - 1) + 1)

        return prob
    return edge_probability


class LoadedProps:

    def __init__(self, fname):
        self.weights = defaultdict(lambda: 0)
        for edge in sumolib.output.parse_fast(fname, 'edge', ['id', 'value']):
            self.weights[edge.id] = float(edge.value)

    def __call__(self, edge):
        return self.weights[edge.getID()]


def buildTripGenerator(net, options):
    try:
        max_length = 0
        for edge in net.getEdges():
            if not edge.is_fringe():
                max_length = max(max_length, edge.getLength())
        forbidden_source_fringe = None if options.allow_fringe else "_outgoing"
        forbidden_sink_fringe = None if options.allow_fringe else "_incoming"
        source_generator = RandomEdgeGenerator(
            net, get_prob_fun(options, "_incoming", forbidden_source_fringe, max_length))
        sink_generator = RandomEdgeGenerator(
            net, get_prob_fun(options, "_outgoing", forbidden_sink_fringe, max_length))
        if options.weightsprefix:
            if os.path.isfile(options.weightsprefix + SOURCE_SUFFIX):
                source_generator = RandomEdgeGenerator(
                    net, LoadedProps(options.weightsprefix + SOURCE_SUFFIX))
            if os.path.isfile(options.weightsprefix + SINK_SUFFIX):
                sink_generator = RandomEdgeGenerator(
                    net, LoadedProps(options.weightsprefix + SINK_SUFFIX))
    except InvalidGenerator:
        print("Error: no valid edges for generating source or destination. Try using option --allow-fringe",
              file=sys.stderr)
        return None

    try:
        via_generator = RandomEdgeGenerator(
            net, get_prob_fun(options, None, None, 1))
        if options.weightsprefix and os.path.isfile(options.weightsprefix + VIA_SUFFIX):
            via_generator = RandomEdgeGenerator(
                net, LoadedProps(options.weightsprefix + VIA_SUFFIX))
    except InvalidGenerator:
        if options.intermediate > 0:
            print(
                "Error: no valid edges for generating intermediate points", file=sys.stderr)
            return None
        else:
            via_generator = None

    return RandomTripGenerator(
        source_generator, sink_generator, via_generator, options.intermediate, options.pedestrians)


def is_walk_attribute(attr):
    for cand in ['arrivalPos', 'speed=', 'duration=', 'busStop=']:
        if cand in attr:
            return True
    return False


def is_persontrip_attribute(attr):
    for cand in ['vTypes', 'modes']:
        if cand in attr:
            return True
    return False


def is_person_attribute(attr):
    for cand in ['departPos', 'type']:
        if cand in attr:
            return True
    return False


def is_vehicle_attribute(attr):
    for cand in ['depart', 'arrival', 'line', 'Number', 'type']:
        if cand in attr:
            return True
    return False


def split_trip_attributes(tripattrs, pedestrians, hasType):
    # handle attribute values with a space
    # assume that no attribute value includes an '=' sign
    allattrs = []
    for a in tripattrs.split():
        if "=" in a:
            allattrs.append(a)
        else:
            if len(allattrs) == 0:
                print("Warning: invalid trip-attribute '%s'" % a)
            else:
                allattrs[-1] += ' ' + a

    # figure out which of the tripattrs belong to the <person> or <vehicle>,
    # which belong to the <vType> and which belong to the <walk> or <persontrip>
    vehicleattrs = []
    personattrs = []
    vtypeattrs = []
    otherattrs = []
    for a in allattrs:
        if pedestrians:
            if is_walk_attribute(a) or is_persontrip_attribute(a):
                otherattrs.append(a)
            elif is_person_attribute(a):
                personattrs.append(a)
            else:
                vtypeattrs.append(a)
        else:
            if is_vehicle_attribute(a):
                vehicleattrs.append(a)
            else:
                vtypeattrs.append(a)

    if not hasType:
        if pedestrians:
            personattrs += vtypeattrs
        else:
            vehicleattrs += vtypeattrs
        vtypeattrs = []

    return (prependSpace(' '.join(vtypeattrs)),
            prependSpace(' '.join(vehicleattrs)),
            prependSpace(' '.join(personattrs)),
            prependSpace(' '.join(otherattrs)))


def prependSpace(s):
    if len(s) == 0 or s[0] == " ":
        return s
    else:
        return " " + s


def main(options):
    if options.seed:
        random.seed(options.seed)

    net = sumolib.net.readNet(options.netfile)
    if options.min_distance > net.getBBoxDiameter() * (options.intermediate + 1):
        options.intermediate = int(
            math.ceil(options.min_distance / net.getBBoxDiameter())) - 1
        print(("Warning: setting number of intermediate waypoints to %s to achieve a minimum trip length of " +
               "%s in a network with diameter %.2f.") % (
            options.intermediate, options.min_distance, net.getBBoxDiameter()))

    if options.angle_weight != 1:
        xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax = net.getBoundary()
        options.angle_center = (xmin + xmax) / 2, (ymin + ymax) / 2

    trip_generator = buildTripGenerator(net, options)
    idx = 0

    vtypeattrs, options.tripattrs, personattrs, otherattrs = split_trip_attributes(
        options.tripattrs, options.pedestrians, options.vehicle_class)

    vias = {}

    def generate_one(idx):
        label = "%s%s" % (options.tripprefix, idx)
        try:
            source_edge, sink_edge, intermediate = trip_generator.get_trip(
                options.min_distance, options.max_distance, options.maxtries)
            combined_attrs = options.tripattrs
            if options.fringeattrs and source_edge.is_fringe(source_edge._incoming):
                combined_attrs += " " + options.fringeattrs
            if options.junctionTaz:
                attrFrom = ' fromJunction="%s"' % source_edge.getFromNode().getID()
                attrTo = ' toJunction="%s"' % sink_edge.getToNode().getID()
            else:
                attrFrom = ' from="%s"' % source_edge.getID()
                attrTo = ' to="%s"' % sink_edge.getID()
            via = ""
            if len(intermediate) > 0:
                via = ' via="%s" ' % ' '.join(
                    [e.getID() for e in intermediate])
                if options.validate:
                    vias[label] = via
            if options.pedestrians:
                fouttrips.write(
                    '    <person id="%s" depart="%.2f"%s>\n' % (label, depart, personattrs))
                if options.persontrips:
                    fouttrips.write(
                        '        <personTrip%s%s%s/>\n' % (attrFrom, attrTo, otherattrs))
                elif options.personrides:
                    fouttrips.write(
                        '        <ride from="%s" to="%s" lines="%s"%s/>\n' % (
                            source_edge.getID(), sink_edge.getID(), options.personrides, otherattrs))
                else:
                    fouttrips.write(
                        '        <walk%s%s%s/>\n' % (attrFrom, attrTo, otherattrs))
                fouttrips.write('    </person>\n')
            else:
                if options.jtrrouter:
                    attrTo = ''
                combined_attrs = attrFrom + attrTo + via + combined_attrs
                if options.flows > 0:
                    if options.binomial:
                        for j in range(options.binomial):
                            fouttrips.write(('    <flow id="%s#%s" begin="%s" end="%s" probability="%s"%s/>\n') % (
                                label, j, options.begin, options.end, 1.0 / options.period / options.binomial,
                                combined_attrs))
                    else:
                        fouttrips.write(('    <flow id="%s" begin="%s" end="%s" period="%s"%s/>\n') % (
                            label, options.begin, options.end, options.period * options.flows, combined_attrs))
                else:
                    fouttrips.write('    <trip id="%s" depart="%.2f"%s/>\n' % (
                        label, depart, combined_attrs))
        except Exception as exc:
            print(exc, file=sys.stderr)
        return idx + 1

    with open(options.tripfile, 'w') as fouttrips:
        sumolib.writeXMLHeader(fouttrips, "$Id$", "routes")  # noqa
        if options.vehicle_class:
            fouttrips.write('    <vType id="%s" vClass="%s"%s/>\n' %
                            (options.vtypeID, options.vehicle_class, vtypeattrs))
            options.tripattrs += ' type="%s"' % options.vtypeID
            personattrs += ' type="%s"' % options.vtypeID
        depart = options.begin
        if trip_generator:
            if options.flows == 0:
                while depart < options.end:
                    if options.binomial is None:
                        # generate with constant spacing
                        idx = generate_one(idx)
                        depart += options.period
                    else:
                        # draw n times from a Bernoulli distribution
                        # for an average arrival rate of 1 / period
                        prob = 1.0 / options.period / options.binomial
                        for _ in range(options.binomial):
                            if random.random() < prob:
                                idx = generate_one(idx)
                        depart += 1
            else:
                for _ in range(options.flows):
                    idx = generate_one(idx)

        fouttrips.write("</routes>\n")

    # call duarouter for routes or validated trips
    args = [DUAROUTER, '-n', options.netfile, '-r', options.tripfile, '--ignore-errors',
            '--begin', str(options.begin), '--end', str(options.end), '--no-step-log']
    if options.additional is not None:
        args += ['--additional-files', options.additional]
    if options.carWalkMode is not None:
        args += ['--persontrip.transfer.car-walk', options.carWalkMode]
    if options.walkfactor is not None:
        args += ['--persontrip.walkfactor', options.walkfactor]
    if options.remove_loops:
        args += ['--remove-loops']
    if options.vtypeout is not None:
        args += ['--vtype-output', options.vtypeout]
    if options.junctionTaz:
        args += ['--junction-taz']
    if not options.verbose:
        args += ['--no-warnings']
    else:
        args += ['-v']

    if options.routefile:
        args2 = args + ['-o', options.routefile]
        print("calling ", " ".join(args2))
        subprocess.call(args2)

    if options.validate:
        # write to temporary file because the input is read incrementally
        tmpTrips = options.tripfile + ".tmp"
        args2 = args + ['-o', tmpTrips, '--write-trips']
        print("calling ", " ".join(args2))
        subprocess.call(args2)
        os.remove(options.tripfile)  # on windows, rename does not overwrite
        os.rename(tmpTrips, options.tripfile)

    if options.weights_outprefix:
        trip_generator.source_generator.write_weights(
            options.weights_outprefix + SOURCE_SUFFIX)
        trip_generator.sink_generator.write_weights(
            options.weights_outprefix + SINK_SUFFIX)
        if trip_generator.via_generator:
            trip_generator.via_generator.write_weights(
                options.weights_outprefix + VIA_SUFFIX)

    # return wether trips could be generated as requested
    return trip_generator is not None


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if not main(get_options()):
        sys.exit(1)

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