you need @RunWith(Cucumber.class) on this class too - after that Run As Junit Test should work:
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(plugin = {"pretty", "json:target/cucumber.json"})
public class CucumberTest {
}
I must say that all my tests are under src/test/java, if they are not placed there I think you need to configure the surefire plugin to find them. In Eclipse you can save a m2e Run configuration for mvn test for example - this is (almost) the same as the mvn test called from the CLI. And there is a cucumber plugin for eclipse available too[1], unfortunately I have some troubles with its own Run configuration, but actually this has nothing to do with maven or m2e. For all these settings and some advanced topics I highly recommend you the Cucumber For Java book [2] or on safaribooksonline. And of course the cucumber / bdd mailing lists at google groups.
[1] 
https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-eclipse[2] 
http://www.amazon.com/The-Cucumber-Java-Book-Behaviour-Driven/dp/1941222293